Suppressing Liberal Political Activities. The Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 were a set of reactionary restrictions introduced in the states of the German Confederation by resolution of the Bundesversammlung (Federal Assembly) on 20 September 1819 after a conference held in...
How Colonialism Erased Local Art and Language. In 1888, Portugal annexed the Kingdom of Kongo, a vast area encompassing parts of modern-day Angola, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo. This event marked the beginning of several decades of...
The Death of a Literary GiantAlessandro Manzoni was one of the most influential and celebrated writers of the 19th century. His novel The Betrothed (I Promessi Sposi), published in 1827, is widely regarded as a masterpiece of world literature and a symbol of the...
A Peasant Uprising Against the Qing DynastyThe White Lotus Rebellion was one of the most significant peasant uprisings in Chinese history. It lasted from 1796 to 1804 and challenged the authority of the Qing dynasty, which had ruled China since 1644. The rebellion was...
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